diff --git a/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.cpp b/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.cpp
index f10e8f9..494215b 100644
--- a/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.cpp
+++ b/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.cpp
@@ -954,7 +954,6 @@ std::vector<char*> netprot::recvPacks(SOCKET sock, Buffer* buf) {
 	std::vector<char*> lsPck;
 	int len = 0, end = 0;
 	char * cursor = nullptr, * next = buf->ptr, * last = buf->ptr;
-	const char footer[sizeof(uint32_t)] = { '\0', '\r', '\0', '\n' };
 
 	while (true) {
 		int bytes = recv(sock, &buf->ptr[len], buf->len - len, 0);
@@ -978,7 +977,7 @@ std::vector<char*> netprot::recvPacks(SOCKET sock, Buffer* buf) {
 				cursor--;
 				next = cursor + 1;
 
-				cmp = memcmp(cursor, footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
+				cmp = memcmp(cursor, Footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
 				if (cmp == 0) {
 					lsPck.push_back(last);
 					cursor += sizeof(uint32_t);
@@ -996,45 +995,45 @@ std::vector<char*> netprot::recvPacks(SOCKET sock, Buffer* buf) {
 }
 
 template <>
-void netprot::sendPack<netprot::Packet>(SOCKET sock, Packet* pack, char** buf, uint32_t* buflen) {
+void netprot::sendPack<netprot::Packet>(SOCKET sock, Packet* pack, Buffer* buf) {
 	switch (pack->type) {
 	case PACKET_TYPE::INPUT:
-		sendPack<Input>(sock, (Input*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<Input>(sock, (Input*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::OUTPUT:
-		sendPack<Output>(sock, (Output*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<Output>(sock, (Output*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::SYNC:
-		sendPack<Sync>(sock, (Sync*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<Sync>(sock, (Sync*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::TEAMINF:
-		sendPack<TeamInfo>(sock, (TeamInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<TeamInfo>(sock, (TeamInfo*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::PLAYINF:
-		sendPack<PlayerInfo>(sock, (PlayerInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<PlayerInfo>(sock, (PlayerInfo*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::LOGINF:
-		sendPack<LoginInfo>(sock, (LoginInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<LoginInfo>(sock, (LoginInfo*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::CHUNKMOD:
-		//sendPack<ChunkMod>(sock, (ChunkMod*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		//sendPack<ChunkMod>(sock, (ChunkMod*)pack->ptr, buf);
 	case PACKET_TYPE::PLAYERMOD:
-		//sendPack<PlayerMod>(sock, (PlayerMod*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		//sendPack<PlayerMod>(sock, (PlayerMod*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::PICKUPMOD:
-		//sendPack<PickupMod>(sock, (PickupMod*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		//sendPack<PickupMod>(sock, (PickupMod*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::GAMEINFO:
-		sendPack<GameInfo>(sock, (GameInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<GameInfo>(sock, (GameInfo*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::ENDINFO:
-		//sendPack<EndInfo>(sock, (EndInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		//sendPack<EndInfo>(sock, (EndInfo*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::CHAT:
-		sendPack<Chat>(sock, (Chat*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<Chat>(sock, (Chat*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::ERRLOG:
-		sendPack<ErrorLog>(sock, (ErrorLog*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen);
+		sendPack<ErrorLog>(sock, (ErrorLog*)pack->ptr, buf);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::LAST_PACK: [[fallthrough]];
 	case PACKET_TYPE::ERR: [[fallthrough]];
@@ -1044,46 +1043,46 @@ void netprot::sendPack<netprot::Packet>(SOCKET sock, Packet* pack, char** buf, u
 }
 
 template <>
-void netprot::sendPackTo<netprot::Packet>(SOCKET sock, Packet* pack, char** buf, uint32_t* buflen, sockaddr_in* sockad) {
+void netprot::sendPackTo<netprot::Packet>(SOCKET sock, Packet* pack, Buffer* buf, sockaddr_in* sockad) {
 	switch (pack->type) {
 	case PACKET_TYPE::INPUT:
-		sendPackTo<Input>(sock, (Input*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<Input>(sock, (Input*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::OUTPUT:
-		sendPackTo<Output>(sock, (Output*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<Output>(sock, (Output*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::SYNC:
-		sendPackTo<Sync>(sock, (Sync*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<Sync>(sock, (Sync*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::TEAMINF:
-		sendPackTo<TeamInfo>(sock, (TeamInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<TeamInfo>(sock, (TeamInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::PLAYINF:
-		sendPackTo<PlayerInfo>(sock, (PlayerInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<PlayerInfo>(sock, (PlayerInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::LOGINF:
-		sendPackTo<LoginInfo>(sock, (LoginInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<LoginInfo>(sock, (LoginInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::CHUNKMOD:
-		//sendPackTo<ChunkMod>(sock, (ChunkMod*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		//sendPackTo<ChunkMod>(sock, (ChunkMod*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::PLAYERMOD:
-		//sendPackTo<PlayerMod>(sock, (PlayerMod*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		//sendPackTo<PlayerMod>(sock, (PlayerMod*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::PICKUPMOD:
-		//sendPackTo<PickupMod>(sock, (PickupMod*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		//sendPackTo<PickupMod>(sock, (PickupMod*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::GAMEINFO:
-		sendPackTo<GameInfo>(sock, (GameInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<GameInfo>(sock, (GameInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::ENDINFO:
-		//sendPackTo<EndInfo>(sock, (EndInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		//sendPackTo<EndInfo>(sock, (EndInfo*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::CHAT:
-		sendPackTo<Chat>(sock, (Chat*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<Chat>(sock, (Chat*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::ERRLOG:
-		sendPackTo<ErrorLog>(sock, (ErrorLog*)pack->ptr, buf, buflen, sockad);
+		sendPackTo<ErrorLog>(sock, (ErrorLog*)pack->ptr, buf, sockad);
 		return;
 	case PACKET_TYPE::LAST_PACK: [[fallthrough]];
 	case PACKET_TYPE::ERR: [[fallthrough]];
diff --git a/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.h b/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.h
index 8d51ee3..cd2d508 100644
--- a/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.h
+++ b/SQCSim-common/netprotocol.h
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ namespace netprot {
 		PACKET_TYPE type = PACKET_TYPE::ERR;
 	};
 
+	inline const char Footer[sizeof(uint32_t)] = { '\0', '\r', '\0', '\n' };
+
 	struct Keys {
 		bool forward, 
 			 backward, 
@@ -165,39 +167,37 @@ namespace netprot {
 	template <class T>
 	void sendPack(SOCKET sock, T* pack, char** buf, uint32_t* buflen) {
 		netprot::Serialize(pack, buf, buflen);
-		memset(&buf[*buflen], '\0', sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint8_t));
-		buflen += (sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint8_t));
+		memcpy(*buf + *buflen, Footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
+		*buflen += sizeof(Footer);
 		send(sock, *buf, *buflen, 0);
 		*buflen = BUFFER_LENGTH;
 	}
 
 	template <class T>
 	void sendPackTo(SOCKET sock, T* pack, char** buf, uint32_t* buflen, sockaddr_in* sockad) {
-		sockaddr_in addr = *sockad;
+		const sockaddr_in addr = *sockad;
 		netprot::Serialize(pack, buf, buflen);
-		memset(&buf[*buflen], '\0', sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint8_t));
-		buflen += (sizeof(uint64_t) + sizeof(uint8_t));
+		memcpy(*buf + *buflen, Footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
+		*buflen += sizeof(Footer);
 		sendto(sock, *buf, *buflen, 0, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
 		*buflen = BUFFER_LENGTH;
 	}
 
 	template <class T>
 	void sendPack(SOCKET sock, T* pack, Buffer* buf) {
-		const char footer[sizeof(uint32_t)] = { '\0', '\r', '\0', '\n' };
 		netprot::Serialize(pack, &buf->ptr, &buf->len);
-		memcpy(&buf->ptr[buf->len], footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32_t);
+		memcpy(&buf->ptr[buf->len], Footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
+		buf->len += sizeof(Footer);
 		send(sock, buf->ptr, buf->len, 0);
 		buf->rstLen();
 	}
 
 	template <class T>
 	void sendPackTo(SOCKET sock, T* pack, Buffer* buf, sockaddr_in* sockad) {
-		const char footer[sizeof(uint32_t)] = { '\0', '\r', '\0', '\n' };
-		sockaddr_in addr = *sockad;
+		const sockaddr_in addr = *sockad;
 		netprot::Serialize(pack, &buf->ptr, &buf->len);
-		memcpy(&buf->ptr[buf->len], footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32_t);
+		memcpy(&buf->ptr[buf->len], Footer, sizeof(uint32_t));
+		buf->len += sizeof(Footer);
 		sendto(sock, buf->ptr, buf->len, 0, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
 		buf->rstLen();
 	}